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The results of the theoretical and experimental investigation in this study are presented in detail throughout the paper. In summary, the study found that pulse and pulse reverse plating can offer advantages over direct current plating for both decorative and functional applications. The use of modulated currents can help to reduce organic brightening agents and deposition unevenness, leading to environmental and economic benefits. The study also provides insights into how various deposition parameters affect the characteristics of the deposit, such as microstructure and surface morphology. For more information, please refer to the relevant sections of the paper.

The study investigates how various deposition parameters affect the characteristics of the deposit, such as grain size, porosity, homogeneity, hardness, and reflectivity. The paper provides detailed information on the effects of pulse and pulse reverse plating on these characteristics. For example, adjusting the amplitude and length of the current’s pulses can control grain size, porosity, and homogeneity of the deposits. The use of modulated currents can decrease the environmental impact of deposition processes as they require a much lower percentage of organic additives. The paper also discusses how other factors such as bath composition, temperature, and agitation can affect the deposition process and resulting characteristics of the deposit. F